A pancreatic pseudocyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops in or around the pancreas, usually as a complication of acute or chronic pancreatitis. Unlike true cysts, pancreatic pseudocysts do not have an epithelial lining; instead, they are surrounded by fibrous or inflammatory tissue. These pseudocysts contain pancreatic enzymes, fluid, and sometimes debris.
Pancreatic pseudocysts commonly form after an episode of pancreatic inflammation or injury. While some pseudocysts may resolve on their own, larger or symptomatic pseudocysts often require medical or endoscopic treatment. Early diagnosis and proper management help prevent serious complications such as infection, rupture, or bleeding.
Symptoms depend on the size and location of the pseudocyst. Common symptoms include:
Persistent upper abdominal pain
Pain radiating to the back
Abdominal fullness or swelling
Nausea and vomiting
Indigestion and bloating
Loss of appetite
Sudden severe pain, fever, or vomiting blood requires immediate medical attention.
Pancreatic pseudocysts usually occur due to:
Repeated pancreatic inflammation increases the risk of pseudocyst formation.
Accurate diagnosis is essential to determine the size and risk of complications. Doctors may recommend:
Imaging helps differentiate pseudocysts from pancreatic tumors or true cysts.
Treatment depends on cyst size, symptoms, and complications.
Most patients recover well with appropriate treatment.