Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare form of chronic pancreatitis caused by the body’s immune system attacking the pancreas. This abnormal immune response leads to inflammation, swelling, and dysfunction of the pancreas. Unlike other types of pancreatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis is not related to alcohol consumption and often responds very well to steroid treatment.
Autoimmune pancreatitis can sometimes mimic pancreatic cancer due to similar symptoms and imaging findings. However, with proper diagnosis and timely treatment, most patients experience significant improvement and long-term relief.
Symptoms may vary depending on disease severity and type, and may include:
Upper abdominal pain
Painless jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)
Weight loss
Fatigue
Digestive problems
Dark urine and pale stools
The exact cause of autoimmune pancreatitis is unknown, but it is linked to immune system dysfunction. Possible contributing factors include:
Diagnosing autoimmune pancreatitis requires a combination of clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings. Common tests include:
Correct diagnosis is essential to differentiate AIP from pancreatic cancer.
Autoimmune pancreatitis responds very well to medical treatment.
Most patients show rapid improvement within weeks of starting treatment.